PROCESS WATER TREATMENT

In the same way that bulk water treatment may not provide a sufficient degree of raw water purification to satisfy the needs of domestic users, it may also be insufficiently pure for the needs of industrial process operators, whether as input to a steam boiler system, or as a process input itself. There has thus grown up a considerable technology

to purify mains water still further, in some cases as pure as it is possible to make the water with modern equipment and processes.

As will always be the case, the actual purity achieved for a given purpose will be a compromise between the desire for absolute purity and the cost of achieving it. The appearance on the technical scene of membranes first of all, and now microfiltration and ultrafiltration membranes of reasonable cost, has made ‘ ultrapure ’ water a practical goal.

The processes used to give water this extra degree of purity include filtration, especially membrane filtration, but also include softening, usually by ion exchange, as well as de-aeration and even sludge treatment.

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