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In many cases magnetic filter elements may be combined with mechanical filter elements in a single housing to remove both ferrous and non-ferrous contaminants in a single pass through the…

The design of a permanent magnet filter suitable for use in troughs or settling tanks is shown in Figure 3.82. A number of core magnets are arranged side-by-side in a…

Just like the pipeline strainers described in Section 3B, special forms of magnetic filters have been developed specifically for installation in pipelines, an easily cleaned  version being illustrated in Figure 3.81.…

Magnetic filters are specialized straining systems for the removal of iron and other ferro-magnetic particles from liquid suspensions and flows of solid particles. They are in effect simple magnets or…

A significant development in membrane technology has been the membrane bioreactor. This is a combination of a bioreactor (i.e. a reactor in which a biological process occurs, most commonly the…

Factors that have a profound influence on the structure or morphology of a particular membrane are the nature of the process by which it is manufactured and the form of…

The build-up of a fouling layer on the surface of a membrane is one of the most ser ious problems in membrane processes. The term ‘ fouling, ’ rather than…

Originally implying a thin, microporous or semi-permeable plastic sheet, the term ‘ membrane ’ is now applied to any filter medium that is capable of removing particles below 0.1m. The…

The cross-flow principle ( Figure 3.76) began with the hollow fibres used in reverse osmosis, and has expanded to become one of the most important components of the filtration industry.…

There are two distinct modes of liquid filtration. In one, the filter medium sits across the fluid flow channel, so that all of the liquid must pass through the medium,…