Membrane bioreactor (MBR)

A significant development in membrane technology has been the membrane bioreactor. This is a combination of a bioreactor (i.e. a reactor in which a biological process occurs, most commonly the secondary or activated sludge stage of a wastewater treatment system) with a membrane filter, operating in through-flow or crossflow . This has become a major system in the treatment of wastewater.

The MBR takes the place of the settlement stage after secondary treatment, which reduces the organic content of the waste liquor by biological action. The separation is achieved by ultrafiltration membranes, in hollow fibre or sheet formats, submerged in the main secondary treatment vessel, and often with air bubble scouring of the outer surfaces to extend operating times.

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